ICPS
ICPS · 2021
2021 APS Virtual Convention
2021 APS Virtual Convention — Virtual, May 2021. 503 sessions, 1,970 presentations.
Sessions
- “He Doesn’t Know Anything”: Children’s Judgements of Experts Who Provide Inaccurate Information
- “The Straw That Broke the Camel's Back”: A Qualitative Report on Coping with a Mass Shooting during COVID:19
- “Train Now Arriving”: A Study of Auditory Looming Using Naturalistic Stimuli
- A Change in Perspective: Self-Other Differentiation and Flexibility in Perspective Taking in Children with Epilepsy
- A Critical Review of the Utility of College Student Samples in Research on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- A Friendly Touch Relieves, a Cold Touch Frightens: Social Support during Instructed Fear of Shock
- A Large-Body Text Analysis of Student Response Data As an Indication of Psychosocial Intervention Effectiveness
- A Lingua Franca As a Hidden Barrier to Conflict Resolution
- A Little Good Goes an Unexpectedly Long Way: Underestimating the Positive Impact of Kindness on Recipients
- A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relation between Cognitive Biases and Perceived Posttraumatic Growth
- A Rational Account of the Repulsion Effect
- A Scoping Review of Structural and Intermediary Determinants of Health and Health Inequities in the ACEs Literature: Where Does the Story Begin?
- A Statistical Approach for Identifying Redundant Items in Large Datasets with Extensive Missingness: An Empirical Example in Network Modeling
- A Status Signaling Account of Maximizing
- A Systematic Review of Public Stigma Towards Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Symptom Subtypes
- A Systematic Review of the Literature on Measurement Invariance/Equivalence of Parenting Scales By Race and Ethnicity: Recommendations for Inclusive Parenting Research
- A Unifying Approach to Measurement Reliability and Validity
- Abusive Supervision in the Era of Social Isolation: Risk Factors and Ways of Coping
- Accuracy and Social Incentives Shape Belief in (Mis)Information
- Active Learning through the Lens of Cognitive Psychology: A Critical Evaluation of Active Learning and a Proposal of Activated Learning
- Affective Dynamics Are Temporally Dependent: An Examination of Time Scale and Lag Length
- Affective Working Memory in Depression
- Age-Related Changes in Discounting and Everyday Behaviors with Delayed and/or Probabilistic Consequences
- Agency, Communion, and Social Class
- Amplification in the Evaluation of Multiple Emotional Expressions over Time
- An Experimental Study of the Public Stigma of PTSD
- An Integrative Framework for Conceptualizing and Assessing Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Skills: The Bessi
- An Upside of Dehumanization? Dehumanization Facilitates Social Distancing from Contagious Others
- An Upside to Disappointment in Close Relationships: Evidence for a Motivational, Relationship-Promoting Role
- Analysis of U.S. Senator Statements Following George Floyd’s Murder
- Antibiotics: A Study of Internet Discussion Board Posts during COVID-19 Lockdown
- Anticipated Emotion and Motivation for Approach and Avoidance Goals in Dysphoric Individuals.
- Applying a Bifactor Model to the Functions of Relational Aggression: Influence of Hostile Attribution Biases and Emotion Regulation Skills
- Are Action Slips Goal-Directed after All?
- Are Differences between Siblings in Parent-Child Personality Similarity Related to Fathers’ and Mothers’ Differential Autonomy Support?
- Are Iranian Immigrants in the U.S. Happy? Social Support As a Buffer for Discriminatory Behavior’s Impact on Well-Being in Iranian Immigrants in the U.S.
- Are We All Mad Here? Anger As an Important Symptom of Maternal Depression
- Assessing Social Anxiety through Eye-Tracking Attentional Disengagement
- Association between ADHD Dimensional Persistence and Adult Sleep Quality
- Associations between Trait Mindfulness, Self-Efficacy, and Emotional Flexibility: Implications for Common Factors Underlying Mental Health Issues.
- Attachment Styles in the Workplace: One of the Four Domains of Effective Leadership
- Attention Bias Modification Increases Anterior Cingulate Cortex Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity
- Authentic Leader(ship) Development and Psychological Well-Being: An Outcome-Wide Analysis
- Automated Modeling of Human Information Processing with Differentiable Architecture Search
- Badass Vs. Babe: Dispositional Sexism Moderates Men’s Ratings of Military Leadership Potential for Women with Sexually Dimorphic Faces
- Based on Billions of Words on the Internet, “People = Men”
- Beauty and Ambiguity: Japan–Germany Cross Cultural Comparison on Aesthetic Evaluation of Haiku Poetry
- Being a Parent, Scholar, and Parent-Teacher: Gender Differences in Household and Childcare Demands for College Faculty during the Pandemic and Associations with Mental Well-Being
- Beliefs about Abstraction: Low-Level and High-Level Construal Signal Different Lay Theories and Impact Formation Impression
- Benefits of Having a Well-Equipped Strategy Toolbox during Goal Pursuit
- Beyond First-Hand Intergroup Empathy: How Do We Think ‘Our’ and ‘Their’ Emotional Experiences Are Perceived and Felt By Others?
- Beyond IQ, Low-SES Urban High School Students’ Abstract Construals of Social Stories Indirectly Predict Their Young-Adult Identity Coherence Via Longitudinal Brain Development across Middle Adolescence
- Beyond Work and Family: Personal Life Roles Provide Resources That Positively Contribute to Career and Life Satisfaction
- Bidirectional Associations between Internalizing Symptoms and Biological Markers of Stress in Youth across the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Blunted Neural Response to Errors Prospectively Predicts Increased Symptoms of Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Body Positivity or Humour? Social Media Strategies to Improve Body Satisfaction
- Brain Network Properties Differentiate Track Risk for Bipolar Disorder
- Breakup Reasons Scale Scores Are Associated with Lower Levels of Physical Contact and Relationship Ratings
- Brief Intensive Cognitive Training Alters Resting State Network Connectivity in Adolescents
- Bystander Intervention in Response to Cyberbullying on Twitter Among Female College Students
- Can Humans Detect a Wandering Mind? Attentiveness As a Form of Social Exchange
- Can Protection Motivation Theory Explain and Predict Adherence to Protective Behaviors during COVID-19?
- Can the Social Network Bridge Social Distancing? Social Media Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Cannabis Use As a Moderator of Close Friends’ Injunctive Norms and Intentions to Use in a Diverse Student Sample
- Changes in Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Changes in Pupil Diameter during Extended Tasks Reflects Hierarchical Cognitive Programs and Parallels the Time Series of Deactivation of Default Mode Regions
- Changing Ethnocultural Empathy in White Adults
- Character Connection Journaling As a Cultural Immersion Exercise: Developing Cultural Empathy
- Cheerfulness and Well-Being: Findings across Three Studies on Resilience, Creativity, and Seriousness.
- Childhood Abuse and Genetic Risk for Obesity in Adulthood: Results from a National Study
- Childhood Adversity Predicts General Mood and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the ABCD Study® Cohort
- Childhood Air Pollution Exposure Elevates Risk of Psychopathology at the Transition to Adulthood
- Children and Adolescents’ Stereotypes and Motivation in STEM and Language Arts
- Christian No More: Christian Americans Are Threatened By Their Impending Majority-Minority Status
- Climate Denial Fuels Climate Change Discussions More Than Local Climate-Related Disasters
- Clinical Efficacy Trial of a Dissonance Based Eating Disorder Program
- Cognitive Reappraisal Associated with Healthy Eating As a Coping Mechanism during COVID-19 Pandemic
- Committed and Optimistic: Goal Striving Pathway Predicts Citizens’ Adaptive Support for Newly Elected Leadership in U.S.
- Communication and the Emergence of Collective Intelligence in Virtual Teams
- Comparative Study between Cognitive Phenotypes of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis
- Comparing the Evidential Strength for Psychotropic Drugs: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis
- Computational and Neuropsychological Mechanisms of Perceived Social Isolation
- Computational Mechanisms for the Effect of Acetaminophen on Risky Decision-Making
- Concerns for Others Increase the Likelihood of Vaccination More in Sparsely Rather Than Densely Populated Areas
- Conducting Language Production Research Online: Proof of Concept, Challenges and Recommendations
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Seven Steroid Hormones of the HPA and Hpg Axes: Does Biology Drive Fit?
- Conservatism’s Effect on Perceived Police Legitimacy, Police-Race Relations, and Anti-Racism Behaviors
- Consistent Earliest Memories Are Retrieved Directly
- Consumer Wearable Sensor Data and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms in a Nationally Representative Sample
- Content Validity of Screening Instruments As an Ontological Question: A Gaming Disorder Qualitative Case Study
- Contextualizing Self-Discrepancies to Reduce Aggressive Behavior Among Vulnerable Narcissists
- Controlling Unwanted Behavior: Reducing Face Touching during the Pandemic
- Conversations about Race in Black and White U.S. Families: Before and after George Floyd's Death
- Coping with COVID-19: Testing the Stress-Sensitization Hypothesis Among Adults with a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Coping with Discrimination: Form and Context Matters
- Core Affect and Decision Quality: The Moderating Role of Trait Agreeableness and Emotional Stability
- COVID on the Brain: Anxiety Sensitivity and Mindful Awareness Mediate the Relationship between COVID-19 Obsession and Anxiety
- COVID-19 and Mental Health Among at-Risk University Students: An Prospective Study into Risk and Protective Factors
- Covid-19 and the Screen Time Moral Panic: Objectively-Measured Digital Technology Use Does Not Predict within- or between-Person Differences in Depression, Anxiety, or Suicidal Ideation
- COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Stressors and Mental Health Outcomes on Racial and Ethnic Minorities
- COVID-Dynamic: A Large-Scale Multifaceted Longitudinal Study of Socioemotional and Behavioral Change across the Pandemic
- Daily Awe Experience Decreases Feeling of Loneliness during Covid-19.
- Dark Triad and Perception on Altruists: The Moderating Role of Moral Identity
- Defining the p-Factor: An Empirical Test of Five Leading Theories
- Demographic Factors, Adverse Life Experiences, and Types of Intimate Partner Violence
- Demonstrating the Speed, Spontaneity, and Robustness of Racial Bias in Pain Perception
- Depends on the Conspiracy: Type and Degree of Conspiracy Theory Endorsement Is Dependent on Need for Cognitive Closure, Schizotypy, and Social Identity.
- Depression As a Risk Factor for Memory Decline in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study Using the Dual Change Score Model
- Development of a Cortical Delay Discounting Assay: A Potential Biomarker of Externalizing Disorders
- Development of a Self-Report Measure to Capture Learner’s Mental Effort and Perceived Task Difficulty
- Diet Quality Is Associated with Psychological Distress, Depression and Anxiety in Emerging Adults: Results from a Nationally Representative Observational Sample
- Disentangling the Effects of Social and Counterfactual Comparisons
- Divergent Trends Reveal Hidden Children: Referrals and Incidence of Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Does Belief in Free Will Influence Biological Motion Perception?
- Does Humanizing Animals Reduce Blatant Dehumanization By Children and Adults?
- Does Intellectual Humility Reflect “Healthy" Personality?
- Does Multicultural Socialization Predict Ethnic Identity, Multicultural Attitude and Interethnic Friendship of Malaysian Children?
- Donating to a Charity or Babysitting a Friend’s Child: U.S. American Social Class Disparities in What Counts As a Social Contribution
- Dos and Don'ts in Social Contexts: Diverging Cognitive Activation of Prescription and Prohibition Norms
- Drivers of Compliance with Public Health Measures in Kyrgyzstan during a Global Pandemic
- Dual Benefits of Emotion Conversations for Children: Spontaneous Disclosure and Decreased Stress
- Dyad-Linked Incentives Increase Goal Achievement and Reduce Cost: Evidence from a Brain Training Exercise
- Dynamic Perception Revealed By Cursor Movements
- Edge Detection in Flickering Stimulus Is Modulated By Eccentricity and Eye Movements
- Effect of Juror Perceptions of the Insanity Defense and Mental Illness within the Criminal Justice System
- Effects of Confronting the Feared Outcome during Exposure Therapy on the Return of Fear: An Analogue Study
- Effects of Motivational Self-Focus in Context-Based Attention Flexibility Toward Goal-Relevant Information: An Eye-Tracking Study.
- Effects of the Arrowsmith Intensive Symbol Relations Training on Cognitive Functioning
- Effects of Time Pressure, Cognitive Anchoring, and Social Priming on Trust Towards Computers in an Online Investment Game Paradigm
- Efficacy of the Los Angeles STAR Court: Results from an Outcome Evaluation
- Egocentric Biases in Pain Perception Are Determined By the Precision of Pain Predictions in the Self.
- Embedding Cognitive and Metacognitive Prompts in an Online STEM Lecture.
- Emoji Bias: Stronger Negative Attribution to Negative Emojis Among the Lonely.
- Emotion Malleability Beliefs Influence State Emotion Regulation and Emotional Resilience Among Individuals with Depressive Symptoms
- Emotion Prevails over Sex in Implicit Judgments of Faces and Voices
- Emotion Regulation and Diurnal Cortisol: A Longitudinal Study of Early Adolescents during COVID-19
- Emotional Intelligence As a Magnifier of Emotional Experience: Initial Evidence for the Hypersensitivity Hypothesis
- Emotional Intelligence Attenuates the Harmful Effects of Parental Perfectionism and Emotional Suppression on Parental Burnout: A Moderated Mediation Model
- Emotionality of Autobiographical Memory: The Interplay between Valence, Intensity, and Vividness
- Emotionally Expressive Interdependence in Latin America: Triangulating through a Comparison of Three Cultural Regions
- Engagement in a Digital World
- Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval during Face-Name Paired Task: A fNIRS Study
- Equally Good Vs. Equally Bad: Prejudice and Valence Moderate the Endorsement of Intergroup Similarity Claims
- Established Adulthood: A New Theory of Development from Ages 30 to 45
- Ethnoracial Identity Activation: Preliminary Evidence for the Factorial Structure and Utility of a New Measure for Ethnoracial Identity in White and Bipoc Young Adults
- Evaluation of an Intervention Based on Training Sessions to Increase the Use of Control Charts in Hospitals
- Evaluations of Potential School Shooters: How Intersectional Stereotypes Influence Predictions of Future Dangerousness
- Event Segmentation and Psychopathology
- Evidence Accumulation Is Modulated By Stimulus-Consistency
- Evidence of Conscious Awareness and Non-Conscious Perception in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)
- Examining a “Normalized-Uncertainty” Intervention for Ambiguous Health Messages about COVID-19
- Examining a Window of Vulnerability for Affective Symptoms in the Mid-Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle
- Examining Preferences of Sexual Initiation for Japanese Men and Women
- Examining the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Outcomes Among Canadian Adults
- Examining the Relationship Task Unrelated Thought, Procrastination, and Work Productivity
- Examining the Role of Emotion Regulation Gains within a DBT Program for Adolescent Females with Borderline Personality Disorder
- Examining the Role of Perceived Partner Responsiveness on the Links between Housework and Well-Being during COVID-19 Pandemic
- Executive Function As a Prospective Predictor and Outcome of General Psychopathology in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
- Existential Therapy for Children: Impact of a Philosophy for Children Intervention on Positive and Negative Indicators of Mental Health in Elementary School Children
- Expanding the Definition of Rape Acknowledgment
- Expansive and Contractive Scope of Projection
- Expectations and Commitment in Dual-Earners Couples: Work-Family Conflict As a Moderator
- Experiences of Prejudice Linked to Ethnicity and COVID-19: Results from Two Waves of a National Mental Health Study.
- Experimental Examination of the Impact of Person-First Language on Transgender Stigma
- Explaining Individual Differences in Risk & Benefit Sensitivity for Neuroethical Judgments: Moral Intuition, Religious Activity, and Political Orientation
- Explicit Memory Bias in Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review of Five Decades of Experimental Research.
- Exploratory Learning Does Not Reduce the Achievement Gap for Racially Minoritized Students
- Exploring Right-Wing Extremism in Online Spaces – Can We Use Big Data to Predict Offline Action?
- Expressive Iconicity and Playful Language: Flexibility and Constraint in Sign and Gesture
- Eye Movement Indices of Efficient Search Space Reduction during Spatial Plan Formation
- Facial Appearance Shapes Teachers’ Assessments at Zero-Acquaintance: Lessons from Geometric Morphometrics
- Faculty Gatekeepers: An Expectancy-Value-Cost Lens for Understanding Faculty Decision-Making in the Biology Classroom
- Fame, Is It Any Wonder?
- Family-Centered Prevention Buffers the Effect of Financial Strain on Parenting, Reducing Youth Conduct Problems in African American Families
- Filling in the Blanks: The Effects of Learning Location and Campus Involvement on Sense of Belonging
- First-Time Juvenile Arrestees' ODD Symptoms: The Role of Parent-School Interactions and Race
- Fluid & Crystallized Discrepancy: An Early Cognitive Marker of Dementia?
- Food Security and Psychology: Mitigating Challenges to Validity in Practice
- for Whom the Screen Tolls: Online Intergroup Contact and Support for Social Change in Different Ethnic Groups
- Foundations for an Integrated Constraints in Creativity (IConIC) Model: Diverse Person and Place Constraints Shape Creative Problems, Processes, and Products
- Framing Uncanniness: Human-like Descriptions of Robots Produce Uncanny Feelings
- Free-Range Haptic Search: Finding Targets without Vision
- From Mothers to Children and Back: Bidirectional Processes in the Cross-Generation Transmission of Anxiety from Early Childhood to Adolescence
- From Naming to Blaming: Using Ethnic/Geographic (vs. Medical) Virus Labels Increases Hostility, Xenophobia, and Stigma
- From the Attractiveness Halo Effect to Evaluative Conditioning: Exploring the Links between Impression Formation and Learning
- Gaze Cueing, Mental States and the Effect of Autistic Traits
- Gender and Cultural Tightness: A New Form of Variation in Cultural Norms
- Gender Differences in Moral Competence, Endorsement of Moral Values and Recollection of Personal Moral Dilemmas
- Gender Differences in Two-Month Longitudinal Associations of College Mental Health with Alcohol Use and Sleep Problems
- Genetic Invincibility Effects and Alcohol Use Disorder: When Negative DNA Test Results Lead to False Reassurance
- Genomic Prediction of Educational Achievement: A Systematic Review
- Getting Workplace Inclusion Straight: Natural Hairstyles as a Diversity Cue in Recruitment Material
- Global and Local Status Threats Both Lead to Increased Jargon Use
- Global Depolarization: Correcting Overly Negative Group Meta-Perceptions across 26 Countries
- Going Beyond the Individual: The Impact of Neighborhood Level Factors on Treatment Engagement in Children Exposed to Violence
- Good Guys with Guns? Exploring the Violent and Aggressive Tendencies of Male Gun Carriers in the United States
- Harder Than You Think: How Outside Assistance Leads to Overconfidence
- Health Disparities in Mental Health Service Utilization: A 16-Year Longitudinal Study of Delinquent Youth after Detention
- Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Daily Life Are Associated with Positive Affect at Different Levels of Analysis
- Historical Trends in (Mis)Reporting P-Values and Statistics: A Meta-Analysis
- Holistic Processing of Words and Faces Predicts Reading Scores in Dyslexic but Not in Typical Readers
- Hope As a Mediator between Peer Victimization and Emotional Dysfunction Among Adolescents
- Hovering or Invalidating? Examining Nuances in the Associations between Controlling Parents and Problematic Outcomes for College Students
- How a Psychosocial Stressor Impacts Emotion Recognition Among Adolescents Exposed to Early Life Adversity
- How Considering Stereotype Valence Can Help Resolve Conflicting Evidence of Penalties for Counter-Stereotypic Men and Women in the Workplace
- How Does Group Membership Modulate Inference of Mental States?
- How Intuitive Is Your Hero within? the Relationship between Intuition and Psychological Capital.
- How Risky Is It to Not Wear a Mask? Moral Emotions Increase Risk Perception and Public Health Behaviours during the Coronavirus Epidemic
- How to Harness Your Escalating Power? Men and Women Need Different Mindsets
- I’Ve Been Thinkin’ Bout You: When Socially Distant Relationship Pursuit Goes Wrong
- Identifying and Leveraging Social Norm Networks Guiding Energy Use in the US and India
- Identity Centrality, Risk, and Resilience: Examining Heterogeneity within Gender and Sexual Minority Individuals
- Identity Goal Incompleteness Causes Medical and Law Students to Post More Career-Related Symbols on Instagram
- Ideological Angst: How the Fear of Becoming a Political Minority Drives Anti-Democratic Behavior
- Implicit Attitudes Toward Dishonesty Are Associated with Selfish Dishonesty
- Implicit Evaluation of Moral Agents and Moral Patients
- Individual Differences in Loneliness and Depression Modulate the Neural Response to Social Rejection
- Infant Temperament and Child Psychological Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Maternal Psychological Symptoms
- Informal Mentors: A Critical Source of Support for Underrepresented Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Informing Classification of Hypomania-Relevant and Related Dimensions within the Hitop Model
- Inhibition Skill in Working Memory Affects Learning from a Distraction-Filled Multimedia Lesson
- Intention in Action: Towards an Agent-Centered Perspective on Cheating and Rule-Breaking
- Interactions between Afferent and Efferent Signals in the Taylor Illusion
- Internal Conflict and Bias Awareness: Emotional Ambivalence Buffers Against Defensive Responding to Implicit Racial Bias Feedback
- Internet Psychology: A University Course on Behaviors Online.
- Introduction of the Dynamic Family Network Model to Study Relations of Mood States in Adolescence
- Is It Monday Yet?: An Investigation into Factors Related to Psychological Detachment from Home at Work
- Is Moral Redemption Possible? the Effectiveness of Public Apologies for Sexual Misconduct.
- Is Planned Indulgence a Self-Regulation Strategy in Goal Pursuit?
- Is the Device Always Right?: Children’s Trust in and Learning from a Novel Voice-Assistant
- Is the Messenger the Message? Canadian Political Affiliation and Other Predictors of Mask Wearing Frequency & Attitudes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Is the Social Glass Half Full or Empty? Ambiguous Feedback Probes Individual Differences in Social Motivation
- Is There a Silver Lining? an Exploration Beyond Negative COVID-19 Experiences
- It Can be Bad to Show You Feel Good: Negative Consequences of Expressing Positive Emotions
- It's a Manipulated Variable: Using Intuitive Terminology for Experimental Design Improves Recognition of Design Features
- It's More Your Fault If You Don't Climb the Ladder Than If You Are Not Socially Mobile
- It’s Lonely at the Top, If You're Narcissistic: The Unexpected Cost of Narcissism in Success
- Judging Out-Party Political Attitudes
- Just Seconds of Laughter Reveals Relationship Status – Laughter with Romantic Partners Sounds More Vulnerable and Less Spontaneous Than Laughter with Friends
- Kick It with Me: The Role of Social Bonding Behavior in Relationship Initiation
- Language Mode in Speech Perception: Assessing Perceptual Representations of Speech Sound in Bilinguals As a Function of Language Context
- Latent Profile Analysis of Behavior Problems in a National Sample of Prekindergarten Classrooms
- Laypersons’ Perceptions and Knowledge of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking
- Learning from Errors: A Matter of Classroom Climate. Positive Error Climate Promotes Students’ Learning Outcomes.
- Loneliness during COVID-19: The Influence of Video Calling Frequency and Suicidal Ideation
- Looking for My Boo: Regulatory Focus Affects Online Daters' Expectations of Success and Desire for Partner Pursuit after Being Ghosted
- Loved or Feared? How Narcissism Relates to Prestige and Dominance Strategies in Teams across Time
- Loyalty in Exchange: Perceived Relative Deprivation, Felt Obligation and Citizen Exchange Ideology on National Identification
- Mapping Meaning to Spoken and Written Wordforms: Visual and Tactual Readers Show Preference for Speech
- Mapping the Functioning of Three Motivational Systems in the Intimate Relationships of Greek Adults: Sex Drive, Passionate and Companionate Love
- Mapping White Matter Microstructure Integrity in Individuals with a History of Bully Behavior
- Markers of Trait Emotional Reactivity As a Mechanisms of Coping-Related Substance Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Matching Font Color Context Does Not Facilitate Working Memory Performance
- Maternal and Child Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Long Reach of Mothers’ Adverse Childhood Experiences
- Math Ability Explains, in Part, Why Math-Anxious Adults Are Less Knowledgeable about Finances
- Math Misconceptions Abound When Adults Reason about COVID-19 Health Statistics
- Measuring within-Person Variability in Children’s Personality Traits
- Media Microaggressions?: A Content Analysis of Mainstream Newspaper Descriptions of Non-White Male Victims of Police Violence, 2014-15 Vs. 2019-20
- Mediators and Moderators of Outcome from the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Adults with Severe Mental Illness in a Community Setting
- Mental Health Disorders and Psychosocial Outcomes in Delinquent Youth: A 15-Year Longitudinal Study
- Mental Health of Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Mental Illness and Going Back to Nature: A Pilot Study on the Effects of Nature-Assisted Rehabilitation on Patients’ Health and Personality
- Menthol’s Impact on Environmental Cues When Used in Combination with Nicotine
- Meta-Analysis of the ‘Ironic’ Effects of Intergroup Contact
- Metamotivational Beliefs about Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
- Mind, Body and Race: A Look into How Implicit Biases Influence the Perception of Emotion in Others
- Mindful Moms to be: Promoting Prenatal Wellbeing during COVID-19
- Mindfulness and Spirituality As Alleviating Factors for Dyadic Cancer-Related Distress during COVID-19: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling Approach
- Mismatch Negativity Amplitude in First-Degree Relatives of Psychotic Disorders: Links with Cognition and Schizotypy
- Mixed Emotions in the Time of COVID-19: Functions in Virus-Prevention Behaviors and Eudaimonic Well-Being
- Mobile STEM Interventions Increase Enrollment and Equity Among Community College Allied Health Students
- Modeling Psychopathology: From Data Models to Formal Theories
- Modeling the Dynamic Relationship between Mother, Father, and Child
- Moderating Role of Authenticity on the Relationship between Online-Offline Self-Concept Consistency and Well-Being
- Modes As Cohesive Personality States: Theoretical Underpinnings and Empirical Examples
- Moment-to-Moment Interplay between Daily-Life Momentary Stress Appraisals and Interpretation Bias Manifestations: A New Framework to Understand Stress Regulation Mechanisms
- Moral Activation: Binding Values Gain Importance in the Presence of Close Others
- Morally Unacceptable Actions Become Less Unacceptable through Imaginative Moral Shifts
- Motivated Music Makers: A Basis for Musical Contingent Self-Worth
- Motivational Strength in Emotion Regulation
- Multiracial Adolescent Alcohol Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis
- National Narcissism Is Associated with the Spread of Conspiracy Theories during Public Health Crises: Evidence from 54 Countries.
- Negative Affect Explains How Emotion Regulation Deficits Relate to Drug Craving
- Negative Current Mood Impacts Involuntary Attentional Biases Towards Emotional Stimuli
- Negativity Spreads More Than Positivity on Twitter after Both Positive and Negative Political Situations
- Neural Subgroups Based on Directed Functional Networks Reflect Psychopathology Risk and Resilience
- No Evidence That Working Memory Training Alters White Matter Microstructure
- Nudging Attention to Inequality
- Obesogenic Environment and Cardiovascular Disease: A Multiple Mediation Analysis Using National Data
- Obstetrics at Odds with Evolution: Adaptation and Maladaptation in Modern Childbirth
- OCD Symptom Severity Relates to Deficits in Action-Outcome Representations during Learning: An Alternative to the Habitual Control Theory
- On the Emergence of Inter-Brain Synchrony
- One-Way ANOVA with within-Subjects Data: The Case of Non-Random Missingness in Skewed Distributions
- Onset of Maternal Depression As Catalyst for Cooperation: Evidence from Uganda
- Operationalizing Child Maltreatment Subtype Using the Maltreatment Classification System: A Mapping Review
- Original Idea Generation and Transitions between Items during Divergent Thinking Tasks
- Origins of the Human Sense of Justice
- Orthorexia Nervosa and Executive Dysfunction: Symptomatology Is Related to Difficulties with Behavioral Regulation
- Orthorexia Nervosa and Substance Use for the Purposes of Weight Control, Conformity, and Emotional Coping
- Our House: Association between Needs Fulfillment from Household Members and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic, in LGBTQ+ Vs. Non-LGBTQ+ Individuals
- Out of Sight, out of Mind: Neglecting the Cost of Punishment Increases Criminal Sentencing Recommendations in Prosecutors
- Parental Psychopathy and Child Conduct Disorder: The Mediating Role of Proactive Aggression.
- Parenting and Dimensions of Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents: A Sibling Analysis
- Parents’ Perceptions of Young Children’s Minds Are Associated with Their Interest in and Behavior Toward Their Own Child
- Peer Victimization and Flatter Diurnal Cortisol Slopes Predict Depressive Symptoms Among LGBQ Emerging Adults
- People Behave As If They Anticipate Regret Conditional on Experiencing a Bad Outcome
- People of All Ages Demonstrate a Limited Ability to Distinguish between Original and Manipulated Images
- People Overlook Social Forces That Promote Common Ground in Dialogue
- Perception-Action Calibration As a Function of Judgment Method and Feedback Type
- Perceptions of Love and Sex Predict Relationship Duration and Satisfaction Among Young and Middle Greek Adults
- Perceptions of Relational Mobility Influence Emotional Expressivity
- Perceptions of Women Who Confront Hostile and Benevolent Sexism
- Performance on Personal Short-Term Academic Goals Changes College Students’ Non-Specific Psychological Distress
- Physicians’ Susceptibility to Advice from Clinical Decision Support Systems
- Polarized Perceptions of Election Legitimacy Increase with Outcome Certainty and Polarized Media
- Political and Non-Political Belief Change Elicits Behavioral Change
- Political Differences in Social Threat Perception
- Political Memes and Partisan Discrimination in Job Recommendations
- Politicized Messaging, Affective Polarization, and Social Norms: Understanding Worldwide Support for Covid-19 Policy
- Positive Attentional Bias Responses to Acute Stress in Adolescents: The Role of ELA
- Positivity Resonance and Its Association with Synchronous Nonverbal Affiliative Behaviors and Perceived Lovingness in Long-Term Married Couples
- Potential Benefits of Sexting: Increase Sexting Behavior Linked to Higher Sexual Satisfaction and Sexual Responsibility
- Pragmatic Function of Gestures
- Predicting Early Life Cognitive Development from Genetic and Environmental Factors: A Focus on Adverse Life Experiences
- Predicting Families That Thrived during COVID-19 and the Implications for Children’s Mental Health and Well-Being
- Preliminary Evidence for Intergroup Bias As a Novel Mechanism Linking Childhood Violence Exposure with Psychopathology
- Preliminary Investigation into the Assessment of Social Information Processing Skills in Spanish-Speaking English Language Learner Students
- Processing Speed and Inhibitory Control As a Function of Acute Psychosocial Stress in Adolescence
- Promoting Cooperation Against Covid-19: Contrasting the Motivations for Practicing Covid-19 Mitigating Behaviors Under Low Versus High Governmental Trust
- Psilocybin Use Is Associated with Lowered Odds of Crime Arrests in U.S Adults
- Psychological Distance to Science As a Unifying Predictor of Science Skepticism across Domains
- Psychological Predictors of Hangover Mood Symptoms
- Quality of Life in a Severe OCD Sample: A Three-Way Interaction between Experiential Avoidance, Depression, and OCD Symptoms
- Quiet Ego Intervention Enhances Flourishing Via Trait Emotional Intelligence: A Randomized Experiment
- Racial Bias in Automated Face Classification Models: Effects of Dataset Diversity and Racial Ambiguity
- Racial Conversations in the Classroom
- Radical Pro-Environmental Change As Loss: A Qualitative Study of How Degrowth Is Perceived within a French Speaking Swiss Sample.
- Ramadan, Risk-Taking, and Cooperation in Resource Dilemmas: Communal Deprivation As a Cultural Response to Scarcity?
- Reading and Writing in a Diglossic Context: A Multifaceted Perspective
- Reflected in the Mirror: Gazing into the Body Image Concerns of Gay Men
- Relationship between Anxiety and Perceived Stress in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role of University Type and Gender
- Response Time Modelling Reveals Evidence for Multiple, Distinct Sources of Moral Decision Caution
- Reward-Motivated Memory Processes and Their Underlying Neural Mechanisms Change with Age
- Risk and Protective Processes in the Face of Spousal Loss
- Romantic Racism: A System of Romantic Advantage Based on Race
- Says Who?: Credibility Effects in Self-Verification Strivings
- Seeing Positive and Negative Tactile Interactions in Infancy: An EMG Study.
- Self-Bias in Self-Ratings of Physical Attractiveness
- Self-Blame and Threat Appraisal As Predictors of Cardiovascular Reactivity Among Sexual Trauma Survivors
- Self-Blame As a Coping Strategy: An Antecedent or Consequence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury?
- Self-Disclosure on Social Media Is Bittersweet: Feeling of Belonging Is Affected By Social Anxiety and Privacy
- Self-Reported Executive Functions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to Loneliness, Social-Distancing Compliance, and Consumer Buying Behavior
- Seven Reasons to Abandon DSM Diagnostic Categories and Adopt a Less Stigmatizing Dimensional Approach
- Sex Differences in Sexual Minority Stress between Gay Men and Women
- Sex-Differentiated Mate Preferences for Mistress Relationships Reflect a Compromise of Mating Ideals
- Should I Follow My Dreams or be a Doctor? Economic Inequality Leads to Fewer Perceived Pathways to Success
- Show and Tell: Discrepancies between Facial and Self-Reported Emotion Predict Psychosocial Functioning across Three Stressed Adult Community Samples
- Sleep and Interrogation: Impacts on Subjects and Collectors
- Social Connectedness in the Time of Social Distancing: Exploring Associations between COVID-19 and Psychosocial Well-Being Among Emerging Adults
- Social Connection & Substance Use: Connecting the Dots between Opioid Use and Social Wellbeing
- Social Exclusion Recall Enhances LPP Sensitivity to Task-Irrelevant Negative Emotional Expressions
- Social Media 'addiction'? an Attentional Bias Study
- Social Media Addiction Predicts Excessively Valuing Happiness in Adolescents
- Social Media Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Associations with Social and Emotional Wellbeing and Loneliness in College Students
- Social Psychological Skill in Autism: An Intact Process
- Social Support and Health Outcomes Among CPS Involved Adolescents: A Longitudinal and within-Subjects Investigation
- Social Traits Moderate Associations between Social Contact and Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study during COVID-19 Contact Restrictions
- Socialized Power: A Hindrance Against Millennial Attitude Change Towards Sustainability Values
- Socializing on the Internet: Associations with Depression and ADHD
- Socio-Emotional Predictors of Anxiety, Depressive and PTSD Symptomatology in Reaction to COVID-19 in Youth
- Socioeconomic Status Difference in Responses to Unfair Treatment
- Solitary Cannabis Use Frequency Mediates Associations of Pandemic-Related Stress with Cannabis Use Consequences
- Spatial Kinematics of Facial Expressions Influence Gaze and Emotion Processing
- Spatial Navigation Performance: When Older Adults Are As Good As Young Adults
- Speak up! Mistaken Beliefs about How Much to Talk in Conversations
- Standardization and Validation of the Flash Visual Evoked Potential P2 (FVEP-P2) in the Diagnosis of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD)
- State and Trait Emotion Dysregulation: An EMA Study of How Urgency and Distress Intolerance Relate to Daily Emotion Regulation Strategy Use
- Statistical Metrics of Ecology and Cultural Variation
- Statistical Power for a Set of Tests
- Stigma and Juror Bias Toward Mentally Ill Defendants
- Storm Clouds and Silver Linings: Impacts of COVID-19 on Daily Emotional Health in Adolescent Girls
- Stress Levels in Ethnically and Racially Diverse Populations at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
- Stress Regulation Via Self-Administered Mindfulness and Biofeedback Interventions in Adults: A Pre-Registered Meta-Analysis
- Stress, Emotion Regulation, and Motivations of COVID-19 Public Health Behaviors
- Stroop Interference with Color Words and Color Word Homophones
- Subjective Experiences of Cognition in Young Adults: The Association between Health Behaviours and Self-Reported Cognitive Function
- Subjective Uncertainty and the Belief-Behavior Link for COVID-19 Countermeasure Compliance
- Support for Covid-19 Regulations: The Interplay of Risk Evaluation and Imagining Close Ones Being Infected.
- Synthesizing Theoretical Perspectives of Maladaptive Behaviors: A Trans-Diagnostic, Trans-Behavioral Model of Distress Regulation
- System-Level Mobility of a Learning Environment Moderates the Effectiveness of Growth Mindsets
- Test Anxiety in Primary School Children: A 20 Year Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Test of a Multi-Stage Model of Distal and Proximal Antecedents of Leader Emergence
- Testing the Benefits of True/False Tests before and after Learning
- The Asymmetry of Negative Transfer Effect in Working Memory Training
- The Bias in Creativity Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence
- The Community Attitudes Toward Mental Illness Scale: What Does It Measure 40 Years Later?
- The Contribution of Communication Competence and Gender to the Quality of Leader-Subordinate Work Relationship
- The Costs and Benefits of Bystander Behavior during Elementary School
- The Cumulative Redundancy Bias: A Theoretical Advancement
- The Developmental Trajectory of Susceptibility to Visuospatial Illusions in Vision and Haptics in Sighted and Blind Children
- The Effect of Aging on Working Memory: Longer Execution Times, Increased Interference and More Serial Processing
- the Effect of Color Saturation on Perception of the Tritone Paradox
- The Effect of Emergency Remote Teaching from a Student's Perspective during COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a Psychological Intervention on Doping Use
- The Effect of Self-Control on the Relationship between Mental Health and Compliance to Government Regulations during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- The Effects of COVID-19 and Changes to Schooling on Parents in the US
- The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anhedonia, Exposure to Rewards, and Reward System Functioning
- The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Non-Profit Service-Learning Partner Organizations
- The Impact of Experiential Avoidance and Chronic Pain on the Association between PTSD Symptoms and Insomnia Among Women with Intimate Partner Violence Experiences
- The Impact of Sexual Orientation Discrimination on the HIV-Risk Cognitions and Behaviors of Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)
- The Importance of Health Practices and Employee Engagement in a Remote World.
- The Indonesian Public’s and Professional Clinicians’ Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward Depression
- The Influence of Early Life Safety Stressors on Romantic Relationships
- The Influence of Exposure Time on Parainformative Concept Learning
- The Influence of Unconscious Emotional Faces on Ambiguous Auditory Perception
- The Invisible Minority: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Indigenous Offenders in the U.S. and Policy Implications
- The Ketogenic Diet Decreases Hangover Severity in Healthy Individuals
- The Liberating Effect of the Group: Cheating Together Makes Us Feel Less Responsible and Less Guilty.
- The Limited Benefits of Using Virtual Reality 360-Videos to Promote Empathy and Charitable Giving
- The MAPS Model of Self-Regulation: Integrating Metacognition, Agency, and Possible Selves.
- The Mariah Effect: A Novel Form of Effective Status Competition
- The Mental Health Implications of COVID-19 for Adolescents: Follow-up of a Four-Wave Longitudinal Study during the Pandemic
- The Moderating Role of Demand between Career Calling and Task Performance
- The Multiple Meanings of the Gender-Inclusive Pronoun Hen: Predicting Attitudes and Use
- The Pivotal Voter Effect: Jurors and Members of Other Decision-Making Groups Are Motivated to be Decisive
- The relatedness of mind-wandering and involuntary mental time travel: An individual differences approach
- The Relationship between Genetic Attributions, Genetic Essentialist Biases, and Stigma of Schizophrenia
- The Relationship between Hate and Threat across Political and Ideological Groups
- The Relationship between Loneliness, Paranoia, Emotional Disturbances and Negative Core Schema: A Network Modelling Study
- The Relationship between Working Memory Capacity and Eyewitness Memory Accuracy
- The Role of a Playful Learning Approach in the Relationship Among Explanatory Styles and Goal Orientation
- The Role of Acute Psychosocial Stress and Early Life Adversity on Inhibitory Control Among Adolescents
- The Role of Frontal Polar Cortex in Patch Selection
- The Role of Parental Math Beliefs on Math Competency in African American School Children
- The Role of Personality Dimensions in the Development of Spatial Behavior Patterns: Openness and Conscientiousness Predict Real-World Choices about Location
- The Role of Positive Relational Events in Partner-Specific Attachment Avoidance Via Positive Affect
- The Role of Teacher Rating Bias in Neuropsychological Evaluations for Black Children with ADHD
- The Role of Temperament in the Relation between SLEEP Problems and Screen MEDIA Use Among Preschoolers
- The Role of Trauma-Related Growth Processes in Adolescents’ Functioning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- The Role of Valence and Uniqueness of Emotions in the Context of Infrahumanization Theory
- The Social Gradient in Adolescent Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Adolescents’ Social Cognitions
- The Swedish New Third-Person Singular Pronoun Hen Is Truly Gender-Inclusive
- The Symbolic Threat of Science: When Exaggerations of Intergroup Differences Occur during Evaluations of the Scientific Community
- The Unintentional Dilution of Voices of Color in Traditional Qualitative Analyses
- Thematic Analysis of My “Coming out” Experiences through an Intersectional Lens: An Autoethnographic Study
- Theory of Mind Matters: Social Outcomes of Individual Differences in Theory of Mind
- Thriving in an Uncertain World: The Role of Strategic Mindset
- Time Prediction: Westerners Are More Accurate, Asians Are More Cautious
- To be Sick or Not to be Sick: Experimental Endotoxemia in Humans and Inter-Individual Differences in Sickness Responses
- To be Wiser or Not to be: The Effects of Psychological Distance on Stereotyping, Middle Way Orientation, and Cognitive Flexibility
- To Believe or Not to Believe: How Claimant Age and Perpetrator Status Affect White People’s Perceptions of Discrimination Claims
- To Go with the Flow or Go Against the Tide? Global Threats and Their Influence on Norm Compliance
- To Have and to Hold: Public Affection-Sharing and Its Health Associations in Interracial and Intraracial Relationships
- To Pursue or Not to Pursue STEM: Faculty Behavior Can Enhance or Undermine Student Involvement By Signaling Role-Specific Support
- Tolerating Unfairness: Relative Gain and Social Value Orientation Influence Choice in a Three-Player Ultimatum Game
- Touchscreen Training Increases Smoothness of Hand Movements in Autistic Children with Impaired Speech and Motor Function
- Towards a Psychology of Sitting: Dynamic Investigations of Daily Sitting Patterns in Working Adults and Cardiovascular Disease Patients
- Transportation during the Pandemic: Behavioral Immune System Predicts Likelihood of Use
- Treatment Focus Diffusion Predicts Poorer Clinical Outcomes in Children’s Mental Health Care
- Trends Persist in Implicit and Explicit Attitudes from 2016-2020
- Trust and Trust Funds: People Have Less Faith in Those with Higher Socioeconomic Status (SES)
- Tugging the Gap: Applying the Anchoring Effect to the CEO-Worker Pay Gap Ratio
- Turning Negative Fantasies into Actions: Mental Contrasting Facilitates COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors
- Uncovering Latent Mental Health and Child Relationship Factors in the National Survey of Children’s Health: A Principal Components Analysis
- Understanding Adolescent Suicide in Indonesia and How Schools Can Respond
- Understanding Deviance Information Criterion for Bayesian Fit of SEM: Cautiousness in Prior Specification
- Understanding the Relationship between a Latinx Student’s Ethnic-Identity and Acculturation for Academic Success in a Higher-Education Institution
- Understanding the Sacred: Linking Sacred Values and Contagion Beliefs
- Undetected Influences: Font Types and Math Performance
- Unpacking Emotion Flexibility and Psychological Adjustment: Testing a Cognitive-Emotional Resource Framework
- Unselfish Traits and Social Decision-Making Patterns Characterize Six Populations of Real-World Extraordinary Altruists
- Using Message Matching to Promote Individual Preventative Actions to Slow Transmission of COVID-19
- Using Social Cognition Models to Understand Why People Struggle to Respond with Self-Compassion: The Case of Perfectionism
- Utilization of Laptops and Smartphones for Academic Tasks in College
- Validation of the Chinese Version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R)
- Valuing Health Versus Money: Delay Discounting of Health and Money in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
- Vicarious Contact with Gay Men: The Role of Ingroup Perspective-Taking and Outgroup Empathy for Outgroup Attitudes.
- Vulnerability and Resilience: Unique Stressors, Perceived Social Support, LGBTQ+ Community Connectedness and the Impact on LGBTQ+ Canadians’ Mental Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- We like It ‘Cause You Take It: Indirect Effects of Approach/Avoidance on Observers
- We-Talk Among Romantic Partners As a Protective Factor Against Depression: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model
- Weathering the Storm, Remotely: The Effects of Coping on Learning and Academic Wellbeing during the Pandemic
- Weight Stigma By Association Among Parents of Children with Obesity
- Weighting Expert Opinions in Decisions from Description Vs. Experience
- What a Hassle! How Rumination and Neuroticism Inform the School Hassles – School Engagement Relationship
- What Are the Kids Doing? Children’s Time Use and Relations with Executive Function during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- What Are the Necessary Conditions for Wisdom? Examining Intelligence, Creativity, Meaning-Making, and Personality Traits
- What Does It Mean to be an Adult? Five Psychological Domains of Being Grown-up
- What is a Slut? Implicit Association Test Findings Support Both Behavior- and Appearance-Based Definitions
- What Lies Ahead of Us? Collective Future Thinking in Turkish, Chinese, and US Adults
- When and Where Do People Regulate Their Emotions? Emotion Regulation Patterns in Unselected and Socially Anxious Young Adults
- When Effort Is Less Costly and Valued More: The Type of Motivation Matters
- When Hurricane Damage Stimulates Prosocial Behavior and Perceived Social Support: Consequences for Psychological Functioning
- When Knowledge Is Blinding: Knowing the Future Fosters Ignorance of Facts about COVID-19 and Risky Health Behaviors
- When Racism and Sexism Benefit Black and Female Politicians: Politicians’ Ideology Moderates Prejudice’s Effect More Than Politicians’ Demographic Background
- Where Is the Love for the Spiny-Tailed Agama? Attitudes and Awareness about Vulnerable and Endangered Species from a Large Multi-Cultural Sample
- Where the Blame Lies: Unpacking Groups Shifts Judgments of Blame in Intergroup Conflict
- Who Holds Sexual Double Standards (SDS)? Assessing SDS Implicitly Beyond the Group Level
- Why Do Women’s Sexual Attitudes and Behavior Vary across Sexual Orientations? Evaluating the Psychosocial Stress Hypothesis
- Willingness to Seek Help in Transracial Adoptive Youth
- Willpower: A Study of Internet Discussion Board Posts during COVID-19 Lockdown
- Women with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in Residential Treatment Tend to Report More Significant Emotional Difficulties but Do Not Differ from Men in the Manifestation of AUD.
- Working during COVID-19: A Seven-Wave Study of Work and Mental Health-Related Outcomes
- Yoga As a Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approach for Educator Psychological Distress and Burnout: The Impact of Online Yoga
- Youth Experiences with the 2020 Black Lives Matter Demonstrations in the United States
