Is Drinking Alone An Early Warning Sign?

The rooms of Alcoholics Anonymous are full of stories, many of them about early drinking days. The vast majority of alcoholics first experimented with drinking as teenagers, and usually for social reasons—to fit in with their friends, to overcome shyness and feel more comfortable in gatherings, and so forth. But every once in a while, someone will tell a different sort of tale—an often wrenching tale of drinking alone from the very beginning, without friends, without social pleasure, just to drink. Such early, solitary drinking is rare, but not unheard of.

Of course, most people start drinking for social purposes, and most of those go on to lives of moderate social drinking. Only a fraction of them become alcoholic as adults. But what about those early outliers, the ones without a party to go to, or friends to meet? Do they follow a different trajectory?

Psychological scientist Kasey Creswell of Carnegie Mellon University was intrigued by these disengaged teenage drinkers. She and her colleagues suspected that solitary drinkers might be a distinct type of adolescent drinker—one at greater risk for heaving drinking and alcoholism later on in life. If true, Creswell reasoned, understanding these lone drinkers might illuminate the pathways of risk for problematic drinking.

Other researchers have shown that solitary drinking is linked to heavier drinking and more alcohol-related problems. But it’s not clear what comes first. That is, does drinking alone lead to drinking more, or do heavy drinkers tend to isolate themselves? It’s also not clear why there teenagers choose to drink alone. What are they looking for?

Creswell suspected that solitary drinkers might be more likely to self-medicate—to use booze to salve negative feelings. To find out, she ran a longitudinal study, the first of its kind, following a large group of teenage drinkers into early adulthood. They found some of the teenagers in rehab facilities, and others in the community at large, so they had a mix of drinking patterns and histories.

The teens were between 12- and 18-years-old at the start, and all were studied until age 25. They went through exhaustive assessments over this time, which included drinking frequency and consumption, frequency of solitary and social drinking, and so forth. The scientists also interviewed the subjects about the kind of situations that preceded episodes of heavy drinking:  Do you drink a lot when you’re lonely? After a quarrel with a friend? To celebrate something good? And so forth. Finally, they kept track of who eventually developed alcohol disorders.

Solitary teenage drinkers are indeed unique, and not vanishingly rare. As reported in an article in the journal Psychological Science, about 60 percent of the subjects reported never having a drink alone. They only ever drank in social settings. But the others—nearly four in ten—said that they did drink alone at least on occasion. This is higher than the usual estimate of solitary drinking, and the rate of solitary drinking was much higher in the teens with early symptoms of alcohol abuse. The solitary drinkers also drank more often than the other teenage drinkers, and they drank more when they drank. They were also younger when they got started drinking.

Perhaps most important, Creswell’s survey revealed that teenagers tended to drink alone when they were in unpleasant situations, suggesting that these teenagers were probably self-medicating in order to cope with their negative feelings. And these solitary teen drinkers were much more likely to develop serious alcohol problems, including alcohol dependence, by age 25.

It’s sad to think of these youngsters sitting alone at home, using intoxication as a tool to deal with their demons, whatever those demons are.  But these findings could help to identify these especially vulnerable teenagers sooner, before they end up telling their woeful tales in the rooms of AA.

Follow Wray Herbert’s reporting on psychological science on Twitter at @wrayherbert.

Comments

I am not so sure of this. Wouldn’t a possible flaw in this study be that those who were already antisocial or had fewer friends would be the ones that would drink alone for lack of people to drink with? Those seem like the kind of teens that would be more likely to have issues in the first place.

I will disagree with you. I found this interesting. I as most experimented with drinking as a teen. Then I never drank again until my late 20’s. After I had two children and had been married for several years. I had a good social ring as a teen and young adult and could have drank with anyone. However, after drinking socially when I started in my late 20’s, I went through a divorce, lost our family home, moved 300 miles away then back to my home town again. Remarried, lost my best friend in a tragic accident, separated from my marraigr, moved again etc. All the while my once social drinking increased to daily, with and without others. It became a need every evening. Until I just started drinking mostly alone every night till I went to sleep. I’ve quit once for 90 days. I started back bc I got bored! I was and still am a functioning alcoholic. No DUI’s, I’ve worked up to 3 jobs, 7 days a week for 3 years all while drinking like this. I still drink to this day and work and function regularly except at night…I hate it. It’s caused it’s share of turmoil in my relationships with family. As well as it’s taking its huge toll on my health. So, not every teen that drinks that ends up an alcoholic was a weird longer as a teenager. I’m currently working on a hitting. I just find it hard to….get away from myself long enough to not drink. Thanks for letting me share.

“not a weird loner” and I’m “working on quitting”. Also just let me acknowledge that I’m in no way glorifying this debilitating illness!! It is an awful thing and I desperately despise my insane need for the poison. Why? I ask myself as so do others don’t you just quit? I wish I had an answer. That it was easy. It’s not. It’s horrible!

I’m not a very social person anymore. I can’t stand most social engagements to be a lot of BS and superficial exchange. I’ve even realized I don’t have much in common with the few friends I have, and most conversations seem quite strained… I would have to continue to fiend interest in things I don’t or no longer care about. So, when I get off work on Friday, I go home and drink by myself because (a) I look forward to it (b) I enjoy it immensely and (c) I don’t have much else going on, nor do I wish for that. Unhealthy? Perhaps. But I’ve grown tired of trying to pretend to be interested in these so-called “normal” and “healthy” social gatherings. I don’t care where people have travelled to, or what renovations they’re doing to their homes, or what great accomplishment or trophy their kids received. I’m not into comparing myself to anyone else, and I don’t care what other people think of me. I really like solitude and when I add alcohol and some good music I am good to go. In my last months of “social drinking” I found myself moving from group to group smiling and nodding, and then finding a corner where I could sit and zone out to the music. Now, I zone out alone, and nobody is the wiser, and I’m not making myself or others uncomfortable.

My thoughts exactly…


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