Exploring the Links between Mental Health, Social Health, and Physical Environment: A Prospective Network Analysis in a Nationally Representative Sample

Rising mental‑health problems, urbanization, and loneliness demand integrated solutions. Using a prospective network approach and a nationally representative sample (N=1,610), we validated a model linking mental, social, and physical health with environmental and SDG macro‑factors. Forest areas and urbanicity were influential protective factors, while depression and CO2 risk factors.