Modelling the Influence of Individual and Parental Factors on Adolescents' Substance Use: Using the Growing up in Scotland Cohort

In a Scottish adolescents cohort (N=2943), adolescents' higher depression risk and mother-youth conflict were associated with higher adolescents' substance use likelihood, while higher mother-youth attachment security was associated with lower likelihoods; paternal analysis repeated similar patterns, yet father-youth conflict was only associated with smoking, alcohol use, and other drug use.