Injections of Botulinum Toxin-a Are Associated with Reduced Depression and Rumination over Time: Preliminary Evidence Using a Prospective Design

Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) has been proposed as a novel treatment for depression when injected at the corrugator supercilii – a muscle site reliably associated with negative emotions and newly revealed to be activated during rumination. Deactivation of the corrugator supercilii with BTX-A was associated with reductions in rumination.