Examining Self-Criticism and Self-Efficacy As Factors Underlying Hopelessness

Across two studies, we examined contextual factors underlying hopelessness in samples vulnerable to suicidal ideation. Study 1 was retrospective, and in Study 2, we experimentally manipulated self-criticism and self-efficacy. Across both studies, self-criticism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of hopelessness, which suggest these are important contextual factors underlying hopelessness.