The Longitudinal Relation between Child Chronic Pain and Internalizing Symptoms in Twins: An Analysis of Twin Relationship Qualities As Moderators and Peer Social Engagement As a Mediator

In a community sample of 491 twins, children’s bodily recurrent pain (age 8) was unrelated to concurrent social engagement (SE) or future internalizing (age 9). However, pain was negatively related to SE for twins with low but not high levels of warmth in their relations with their co-twin.