Photo-Takers Predict Item-Level Costs, but Global Benefits, to Memory As a Consequence of Taking Photos

The photo-taking-impairment effect is observed when photographed objects are recalled less well than non-photographed objects. Little is known, however, about participants’ awareness of this effect. Across two experiments, participants predicted the photo-taking impairment effect when making item-level judgments, but they predicted a photo-taking enhancement effect when making global judgments.