“He Cries on Purpose to Annoy Me”: Parental Dysfunctional Internal Working Models Introduce Bias in Their Report of Infants’ Anger

In 200 families, we examined the moderating role of parental dysfunctional internal working models (IWMs) in the relations between observed and parent-reported infant anger. Mothers with dysfunctional IWMs reported heightened anger for infants with low observed anger. Fathers’ reports of infant anger corresponded with their IWMs rather than observed anger.