Harnessing Placebo and Minimizing Nocebo Effects in Physical Symptoms: The Role of Learning

This symposium aims to demonstrate the role of learning mechanisms (e.g. conditioning, instructions, interactions with providers) for placebo and nocebo effects on various physical symptoms, including pain, nausea, itch and allergic responses. Specific attention is directed to possible therapeutic interventions for maximizing placebo and preventing nocebo effects on these symptoms.