Pushing Back Against Bigotry: Exploring Rhetorical Strategies for Confronting Prejudiced Comments

We examine the use of strategies for confronting bias and their effectiveness. In Study 1, participants confronted someone who had used a derogatory word. Participants frequently utilized direct strategies (e.g., threats). In Study 2, third-party observers judged these strategies to be less effective than indirect strategies (e.g., appeals to norms).