“My Mom Is Calling Me Again!”: Helicopter Parenting and Parents’ Contact Frequency Predict Autonomy and Competence in Late Adolescence

Helicopter parenting and parents’ contact frequency were examined as predictors of autonomy and competence in late adolescents. Frequent contact was associated with less emotional autonomy, but greater social competence; the effects of helicopter parenting differed depending on which parent was examined. Age was examined as a moderator of these relations.