The Relationship between Perfectionism and Parenting Styles: The Influence of Gender and Grade Among Japanese Elementary School Students

This study examined relationships between gender, grade, parenting style, and perfectionism for 654 (313 boys and 341 girls) Japanese elementary school students in grades first through sixth. Participants completed a measure of perfectionism and parenting style. Overall, females had higher self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism than males.