Industriousness Fully Mediates the Association between Agentic Hopefulness and Academic Success

Contrary to theory, optimism was not associated with academic success, whereas agentic hopefulness (goal-oriented determination) was. However, the industriousness facet of conscientiousness fully mediated this association (c path = .16, p = .02; c’ path = -.03, p = .65), indicating hard work matters more than future-oriented beliefs for success.