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Warum die Krebsfrüherkennung überschätzt wird
Der Spiegel: Was beeinflusst stärker, ob man ein medizinisches Verfahren für nützlich oder schädlich hält: eine Reihe von Zahlen oder die Geschichte eines Kollegen, dessen Freund durch die Therapie gerettet wurde? Psychologen betonen, dass Menschen sich stark von solchen Anekdoten beeinflussen lassen. Im Fachblatt "Psychological Science" erklären sie es unter anderem mit dieser Tatsache, dass eine Entscheidung gegen ein allgemeines Prostatakrebs-Screening per PSA-Test in den USA für Aufruhr sorgte. 2011 hatte die US Preventive Services Task Force von der Reihenuntersuchung abgeraten - was sich statistisch sauber begründen ließ.
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You Can Go Home Again
The New York Times: Just when parents thought they might finally be free of their children, many of this year’s college graduates will pick up their degrees — and move back home. Even those who don’t may continue to live off the parental dole; at the start of HBO’s hit series “Girls,” Hannah, played by Lena Dunham, is trying to keep the monthly checks from Mom and Dad coming. The fragile economy could exacerbate the phenomenon of delayed adolescence, keeping Americans in their late 20s and even early 30s dependent on their families for years. But this is not necessarily the nightmare scenario it’s made out to be.
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New Research From Psychological Science
Learned Predictiveness Speeds Visual Processing Jennifer L. O'Brien and Jane E. Raymond Can learning the predictive value of a cue for a specific outcome affect the visual processing of that cue? Participants were presented with face pairs and were asked to choose one of the two faces. Each face choice was related to a high or a low probability of winning or losing money during the task. Participants were then shown novel faces and faces from the previous task and were asked to indicate whether the face was "old" or "new." Faces that were highly predictive of monetary wins or losses on the previous task were recognized faster than faces associated with low predictability of wins or losses.
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Something for the weekend
Financial Times: It is estimated that this year the worldwide spend on advertising will be around $530bn. For advertisers it is vital that they spend their money wisely - targeting the right consumer to get their message across. Traditionally advertisers tailor their campaigns to specific demographic groups, retired professionals or young mothers for example. But now new research has highlighted an alternative approach – targeting personality profiles. Academics from North America selected five personality traits: agreeableness, extraversion, emotional stability, openness to experience and conscientiousness.
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Scientists Look to Genetics of Behavior for Answers to Country’s Partisan Divide
The Chronicle of Higher Education: Scientific analysis has been able to solve the mysteries of polio and smallpox, heavier-than-air flight, the structure of atoms, and millions of other longstanding puzzles of nature. Could it now be used to diagnose and perhaps even solve our nation's political dysfunction? There are grounds for some optimism. A new generation of university researchers, many with backgrounds in psychology, are tackling the question, armed with new findings involving behavioral genetics. The leaders include John T.
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What’s Different About The Brains Of People With Autism?
NPR: Like a lot of people with autism, Jeff Hudale has a brain that's really good at some things. "I have an unusual aptitude for numbers, namely math computations," he says. Hudale can do triple-digit multiplication in his head. That sort of ability helped him get a degree in engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. But he says his brain struggles with other subjects like literature and philosophy. "I like working with things that are rather concrete and structured," he says. "Yeah, I like things with some logic and some rules to it." So Hudale, who is 40, does fine at his job at a bank. But he doesn't do so well with social interactions, where logic and rules aren't so obvious.
