Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 3 (MMPI-3) Norms Do Not Generalize to Other Countries

Clinical psychologists use intelligence, personality and other tests that are outdated and/or normed in foreign countries. Using MMPI-3, we show that Canadians in 2025 scored differently than US normative sample in 2017/18, indicating that MMPI-3 norms do not generalize to Canada. Current and country specific norms are required.