Not Man Enough: The Role of Gender Identity Threat In Moral Evaluations and Attitudes Towards Transwomen In India

We examined how masculinity threat shapes Indian men’s responses to transwomen. 339 male participants (208 threat, 132 assurance) evaluated a hijra transwoman’s morality and completed attitude measures. Threat produced more negative moral evaluations and attitudes, highlighting gender identity threat as a key driver of anti-trans prejudice in India.