Rage Against the Nation: How Perceived Security Threat Drives Collective Narcissism and Anti-Muslim Violence In India

Following the Pahalgam terrorist attack, our study examined how online message-framing shapes attitudes. In an experiment (N = 425), threat-framing increased collective narcissism, which fully mediated higher support for collective violence against Muslims. These findings highlight how perceived security threats in digital narratives contribute to intergroup hostility and polarisation.