Longitudinal Associations between Socioeconomic Status, Executive Functions, and Children’s Social Behavior Using a Nationally Representative Sample

This study uses ECLS-K:2011 data (N = 18,174) to examine whether family SES predicts fifth-grade prosocial behavior, social aggression, and peer exclusion, and whether fourth-grade EF skills mediate these links. Results show SES and EF significantly predict social behaviors, with working memory consistently mediating these associations.