How Does Family Language and Cultural Background Shape Childcare Subsidy Use and Childcare Type?

Using the National Survey of Early Care and Education (2019), we tested whether language, race, and subsidy use predict provider type among stably housed families (N=8,457) and housing-vulnerable families, including homeless, single-parent, and very low-income families (N=2,617). Non-English speakers showed higher subsidy use, which predicted greater parental versus center-based care.