Virtue and Competence Diminished, Dominance Enhanced: Impression Formation and Status Attribution of Exclusion Behavior

We investigated how observers evaluate excluders across three routes to status: virtue, competence, and dominance. Our experiments showed that compared to inclusion, exclusion decreased perceived virtue and competence while increasing dominance. Exclusion diminished status through decreased virtue and competence, and the slight increased dominance didn't compensate for this status loss.