Why Bidis? a Culturally Adapted Motivation Scale: Development and Validation.

Developed a culturally adapted Bidi Smoking Motivation Scale via in-person surveys with 150 day laborers in Uttar Pradesh, India]. EFA supported four factors (addiction, hedonic, stimulation, social; α =.72–.84). Scale scores correlated with dependence and quit-readiness (r =.58–.76), indicating strong construct validity. It informs tailored cessation interventions in marginalized contexts.