Brain Mechanisms of Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies

We conducted a review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies of proactive and reactive control to test the dual mechanisms of control (DMC) theory. The lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) was linked to proactive and reactive control, which supports the DMC. Contrasting the theory, proactive control was also associated with non-lPFC activations.