One’s Better Than the Other? Comparing Motto, SMART, and Woop Goal Setting and Goal Motivation Types on Vitality, Affect, Self-Efficacy, and Subjective Goal Attainment

Our intervention study (N = 335, M_age = 20) shows the effect of self-chosen (autonomous) vs. assigned goals (controlled goal motivation) on goal attainment. The goal setting intervention demonstrates an increasing effect on vitality and affect, and decreasing effect on self-efficacy for motto-goal setting with indirect effects on goal attainment.