The Association between Mindfulness, Psychological Flexibility, and Rumination in Predicting Mental Health and Well-Being Among University Students Using Machine Learning and Structural Equation Modeling

This study examines the impact of mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and rumination on well-being in 524 undergraduates, using two mindfulness conceptualizations for a comprehensive understanding. By combining machine learning with traditional SEM, results reveal that mindfulness influences well-being indirectly via flexibility and rumination, with one mindfulness conceptualization showing stronger predictive power.