Placing ADHD in the Psychopathology Hierarchy: A Symptom-Level Analysis

We mapped ADHD symptoms onto broad psychopathology dimensions (e.g., externalizing, neurodevelopmental, and internalizing) across three waves of the ABCD Study (N=11,868, 48% female). ADHD symptoms were related differentially with other forms of psychopathology, suggesting that ADHD is neither unitary nor is its position in the psychopathology hierarchy straightforward.