Shifting Perspectives: The Effects of Item Framing and Differential Vulnerabilities to Depression and Humility on Memory Self-Efficacy across Adulthood

We assessed item-framing effects on memory self-efficacy and determined whether depression and humility play a differential role in memory self-perceptions of young versus older adults. Older adults were most vulnerable to item framing. Humility, not depression, affected memory self-perceptions of the age groups differently. Results could shape future questionnaire wording.