Advancing the Psychological Courage Scale (PCS): Development and Psychometric Qualities of a Moral Agency Subscale and Further Construct Validation

The current study adds a moral agency subscale to the Psychological Courage Scale (PCS), validated using a sample of 352 university students. Factor structure was tenable based on confirmatory factor analysis as was convergent validity. The revised PCS underscores viewing courage as a multidimensional construct, with implications for counseling/business environments.