Revisiting Intelligence Compensation Theory: Effects of Growth Mindsets and Conscientiousness on Academic Performance at Varying Levels of Cognitive Ability

Under Intelligence Compensation Theory (ICT), we examined whether growth mindset effects on academic performance (GPA) may be attributable to intelligence differences. Consistent with previous studies, growth mindsets were unrelated to GPA. A supplemental analysis revealed inconsistencies with ICT, suggesting higher ability students benefit more from high levels of conscientiousness.