Future Orientation Predicts the Subsequent Trajectory of Hopelessness in a Diverse Sample of Adolescents.

Hopelessness theory identifies hopelessness as a proximal cause of depression. Consequently, understanding factors that shape the development of hopelessness is important. Parallel process growth modeling indicates that, in a diverse sample of 608 adolescents, baseline future orientation predicts a significantly steeper increase in hopelessness over the subsequent four years.