Prenatal and Delivery Vitamin D Deficiency Are Associated with Risk for Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: Does Prenatal Depression Increase Risk?

We determined to what extent vitamin D deficiency predicts adverse perinatal outcomes and whether prenatal depression places women at increased risk. Women (N=114) with vitamin D deficiency had 4.35 times the risk of an adverse outcome and rates were highest when women had both vitamin D deficiency and prenatal depression.