Upper-caste privilege or lower-caste disadvantage: Inequality framing on affirmative action and prosocial behavior

Framing identical statements as upper-caste privileges as opposed to lower-caste disadvantages, led to greater collective guilt and shame. Participants in the upper-caste privilege framing condition also supported affirmative action more, but didn’t engage in prosocial behavior. Support for affirmative action was further predicted by collective guilt and shame.