Adolescent Victimization and Early-Adult Psychopathology: Approaching Causal Inference Using a Longitudinal Twin Study

Using data from the E-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, we approach causal inference in multiple ways to test whether 7 types of adolescent victimization increased risk of multiple psychiatric conditions. Results from longitudinal within-individual and discordant-twin analyses suggest a causal influence of victimization on generalized liability to psychopathology (the “p-factor”).